Introduction: Mikania micrantha Kunth is commonly known as ‘Tarulata’ by the several ethnic groups of West Bengal. The climbing hemp weed or Mile–a–minute vine weed, M. micrantha is a cosmopolitan, perennial, multibranched extensive climber or weed, under family Asteraceae is known to have immense medicinal importance. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and HPTLC profiles of M. micrantha leaves. Materials and Methods: The measures taken for pharmacognostical characterization were organoleptic study, macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, leaf constant, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC spectra profile. Results: Macroscopic and organoleptic studies found that leaves are simple, oppositely arranged, dorsiventral, thin, triangular to broadly ovate, heart shaped or cordate in shape with acuminate pointed apex and broad base, light olive green in color, with an slight pungent taste. In microscopic analysis, compact epidermal cell with undulated or wavy cell wall and numerous anomocytic stomata were found. Many angular prismatic crystals of Ca–oxalate having– different shapes (rectangular, triangular, irregular); aseptate, long, fibres with thick inner wall; glandular and non–glandular trichomes, groups of spiral xylem vessels; irregularly shaped parenchymatous cells in group with cell contents; xylem parenchyma cells with few cell content are found present. Alkoloides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steriods, reducing sugars, saponins, phenolic compounds, amino acids and proteins were found present. Analysis on the leaf constants, powder microscopy and fluorescence characteristics resulted a valuable data to establish standards for the plant. HPTLC profile provides number of constituents present in the extracts with their respective Retention Factor (Rf). Conclusions: Present report on pharmacognostical profiling and HPTLC analysis of M. micrantha leaves provides a vital diagnostic tool for identification, authentication and development of quality parameters of this botanical. Data obtained by present study may be considered as standard for future studies.