Mental retardation is a common problem in developing countries like India with prevalence of about 2 per 1000. Causes of MR are numerous and can include genetic factors with polygenic inheritance. Current study tried to elaborate the association of genetic risk factors and their influence on degree of mental retardation. Vineland social maturity scale and Developmental screening test for stratification of mental retardation. Genetic risk was measured by five factors like birth order, degree of consanguinity, family history, dysmorphic features & neurological examination. Out of total sample, 100 were found to have Mental Retardation. Genetic risk factors were found to have a significant impact on degree of retardation. This finding emphasizes on importance of genetic counseling and minimization of risk factors in preventing mental retardation.