Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was histopathological grading of squamous cell carcinoma tongue and assesses the risk factors. Histopathological grading of squamous cell carcinoma tongue is the prognostic indicator because squamous cell carcinoma tongue has potential for metastasis to lymph nodes especially submandibular lymph node. The major risk factors are history of Nicotine.

Material and Methods: Surgical operation, Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the only treatment of choice. After approval from the human ethical Committee both retrospective and prospective studies for 3 years duration from March 2015 to April 2018 was done and All the samples were taken from the varies departments which is need for histopathological examination.

Results and Discussion: All samples were collected and stained with H & E to find total cases in this study are 133. Squamous cell carcinoma tongue was more common in males about 80.4% (107/133) with a history of smoking present 93.4 % (100/107) and 23% (6/26) females, History of tobacco chewing seen in 91.5% (98/107) males and 34.6 % (9/26) females. History of alcohol consumption was seen in 30% (40/133) cases. On histopathological examination 71.4% (95/133) of the tumors were well differentiated, 26.3% (35/133) were moderately differentiated and 2.2% (3/133) were poorly differentiated.  

Conclusion: Most of tongue lesions were well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, so main risk factors are smoking and tobacco chewing for commonest metastasis was to submandibular lymph node.